Evidence-based clinical protocols for exertional heat stroke management: cold water immersion, Cool First Transport Second, tactical medicine.
24 articles
Emergency Medicine
Recognise the signs, cool before transporting, know when to stop cooling, and respond correctly if the patient becomes unresponsive: the full decision sequence for exertional heat stroke, at every turning point.
17 September 2026
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Nearly 5,000 additional ambulance callouts in a single weekend and a 42 percent jump in emergency physician dispatches: Germany's Rettungsdienst and emergency departments were pushed to their limits during the June 2026 heat wave.
27 August 2026
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El Dorado County's 2026 heat illness protocol gives crews a precise temperature target for stopping cold water immersion, closing a gap many EMS agencies leave undefined.
30 July 2026
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Pathophysiology, field recognition, and treatment of exertional heat stroke: everything medical and rescue teams need to know.
29 July 2026
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How a preventable NFL death, a survivor's research career, and two decades of data built the treatment protocol now used worldwide.
29 July 2026
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French prehospital emergency medicine treats cold water immersion as a SAMU and SMUR responsibility, not just a fire service task. Here is how the handoff works.
18 July 2026
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A heat wave doesn't just raise ER volume, it changes the mix of what walks through the door, and triage becomes the decision that determines outcomes.
9 July 2026
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First-arriving fire crews and incoming EMS units need a shared protocol for exertional heat stroke, not two separate improvised responses.
9 July 2026
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What a prehospital emergency vehicle needs on board to treat exertional heat stroke before and during transport.
9 July 2026
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Reaching a safe core temperature is not the end of exertional heat stroke management: what monitoring and care come next.
9 July 2026
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A call for a collapse at a sporting event or an unconscious person outdoors says nothing by itself about urgency. Dispatch protocols have to close that gap.
9 July 2026
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Recognising and treating exertional heat stroke correctly depends on training that goes beyond general first aid protocols.
9 July 2026
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A field-focused guide to recognising exertional heat stroke, understanding the 30-minute treatment window, and applying the right cooling method.
4 June 2026
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Exertional heat stroke causes irreversible brain, kidney, and cardiac damage within 30 minutes. What every medical team needs to understand about the physiology to respond correctly.
29 May 2026
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A practical evidence-based guide for fire and rescue services, event medical teams, military units, and EHS managers to prevent, recognise, and treat exertional heat stroke before it becomes fatal.
29 May 2026
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Complete guide to exertional hyperthermia: definition, physiological mechanisms, warning signs, gold standard treatment and field equipment for firefighters, military and athletes.
26 May 2026
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Cold water immersion, misting, ice packs, wet towels: a data-backed comparison of cooling rates, effectiveness and recommendations for exertional heat stroke treatment.
25 May 2026
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Cool First Transport Second is the gold standard prehospital protocol for exertional heat stroke. Origins, science, field application and required equipment explained.
25 May 2026
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What is an emergency cooling tub? How does it work, who uses it, and why is it the only validated equipment for treating exertional heat stroke in the field?
25 May 2026
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Objective comparison between Kollder and the I-CWIK system by Nereus Medical: immersion protocol, patient access, deployment and compliance with international medical standards.
25 May 2026
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Dr. Douglas Casa of the Korey Stringer Institute has tracked over 3,000 exertional heat stroke cases with zero deaths when treated correctly. His research explains exactly why people are still dying — and what every responder must do differently.
24 May 2026
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Heat illness ranked among the top five medical events in the US military in 2024. A 2025 international research review consolidates what works, and what still fails, in prevention and field treatment of exertional heat stroke.
24 May 2026
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Exertional heat stroke is a leading preventable cause of death in military training and operational environments. Here is what military medical personnel need to know to treat it effectively.
21 May 2026
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Exertional heat stroke kills in minutes. Cold water immersion is the only treatment proven to work. Here is everything medical teams need to know to act fast in the field.
20 May 2026
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